In September 1967, Lorber announced his plan to make Boston, in his own words, "a target city for the development of new artists from one geographical location." Lorber announced his project in a Newsweek magazine article in January 1968, in which he touted new bands which were emblematic of the movement, including Ultimate Spinach, Beacon Street Union and Orpheus. There is also a thought that the band name was in accord with other colorful psychedelic band names during that era and got the band attention. When I was done, I looked at myself and said 'Whoa! I am ultimate spinach. I grabbed a green one and started drawing all these psychedelic designs on my face. I had a bunch of colored markers I used to draw with. I started looking at myself in the mirror and my face was doing funny things. Bruce-Douglas says that he named the band based on experiences in an acid trip: "One day, in 1967, I was in my room, tripping on some really pure LSD. The name of the band was changed to Ultimate Spinach when they signed with Boston impresario Alan Lorber (Lorber produced all three of their albums). As Underground Cinema, the group served as house band in a club called the Unicorn and recorded demos which later appeared on New England Teen Scene: Unreleased! 1965-1968, in 1966. The band originated as a group called the Underground Cinema, with a line-up consisting of Ian Bruce-Douglas as a multi-instrumentalist, Barbara Hudson as vocalist, Keith Lahtenein on drums, Geoff Winthrop on rhythm guitar, and Richard Nese on bass guitar. History "Bosstown Sound" and Naming of Band ![]() 1.1 "Bosstown Sound" and Naming of Band.Carotenoids also protect the photosynthetic systems from damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Other chlorophyll a molecules, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) capture light energy and send it to chlorophyll a at the reaction center. A molecule of chlorophyll a is located at the reaction center of the photo systems. Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in plants. Chlorophylls contain oxygen and nitrogen and are bound more tightly to the paper than the other pigments. Xanthophyll is found further from the solvent font because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Another pigment, xanthophyll, differs from carotene in that it contains oxygen. Beta carotene, the most abundant carotene in plants, is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with the cellulose in paper. Be sure to keep the beaker tightly covered except when you are using it because the solvent is very volatile and produces fumes you should not breathe (see Figure A2). Chromatography setup ■ Learning Objectives In the following activity, you will separate plant pigments in chloroplasts using an organic solvent, such as a mixture of ether and acetone. Such is the case with pigment molecules inside chloroplasts. Chromatogram In black ink, what appears to be a single color is actually a material composed of many different pigments-green, blue, red, and lavender. In the chromatogram shown in Figure A1, the solvent for the ink mixture is water. ![]() The rate of migration occurs at different rates because of differences in solubility of pigment molecules in the solvent, the molecular mass of solvent molecules, and hydrogen bonding of solvent molecules with the paper. The molecules migrate up the paper due to capillary action, which in turn occurs as a result of the attraction of solvent molecules to the paper and attraction of solvent molecules to one another. The pigments are dissolved in a solvent that carries them up the paper. ![]() Exercise A: Plant Pigment Chromatography Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate a pigment mixture into its component molecules. Critical to the process is chlorophyll, the primary photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts. Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Introduction In photosynthesis, plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy that is stored in sugars and other organic compounds.
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